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CLIL

CLIL origin

The term CLIL was created in 1994 by David Marsh as a methodology similar to but distinct from language immersion and content-based instruction. The idea of its proponents was to create an "umbrella term" which encompasses different forms of using language as the medium of instruction.[3] The methodology has been applied in a business context in many countries and widely accepted as an effective approach. In Italy for example, it is being used as an accelerated method to teach management concepts in English to business people. Among CLIL's proponents and practitioners there is Dr Maurizio Morselli, a Human Resources professional and Executive Coach, who believes that "this hybrid immersion approach produces a lot more immediate results and it appeals to self-motivated adult audiences who possess a basic knowledge and understanding of the target language".

CLIL and language immersion

CLIL is fundamentally based on methodological principles established by research on language immersion. This kind of approach has been identified as very important by the European Commission[4] because: "It can provide effective opportunities for pupils to use their new language skills now, rather than learn them now for later use. It opens doors on languages for a broader range of learners, nurturing self-confidence in young learners and those who have not responded well to formal language instruction in general education. It provides exposure to the language without requiring extra time in the curriculum, which can be of particular interest in vocational settings." This approach involves learning subjects such as history, geography, managerial skills/concepts or others, through an additional language. It can be very successful in enhancing the learning of languages and other subjects, and helping children develop a positive attitude towards themselves as language learners.

The European Commission has therefore decided to promote the training of teachers to "...enhancing the language competences in general, in order to promote the teaching of non-linguistic subjects in foreign languages".[5][6]

CLIL objectives

CLIL objectives are varied, but among the most relevant ones the following can be pointed out (Coyle et al., 2010):[7] To improve the educational system. To establish the necessary conditions that will allow students to achieve the appropriate level of academic performance in CLIL subjects. To improve students’ proficiency in both their mother tongue and the target language, attaching the same importance to each. To develop the intercultural understanding. To develop social and thinking skills.

CLIL advocates claim that this educational approach (Lorenzo et al., 2011):[8] Improves L1 and L2 development. Prepares students for the globalized world. Increases students’ motivation to learn foreign languages. Promotes the learning of a more extensive and varied vocabulary. Enhances students’ confidence in the target language. Improves language competence in the target language, CLIL being more beneficial that traditional foreign language teaching courses. Helps develop intercultural competence.

CLIL in English as an international language

The integration of content and language learning in English as an international language (EIL) is found in approaches to bilingual education.[2] These approaches include immersioncontent-based instruction (CBI), content-based language teaching (CBLT), and the movement towards English medium instruction (EMI). All of these approaches raise a number of questions that a view of English as an international language has for content-integrated approaches (Thompson & McKinley, 2018).[2]

References

  1. ^ British Council BBC Teaching English
  2. Jump up to:a b c d e Thompson & McKinley (February 2018). "Integration of content and language learning" (PDF)TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching1. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
  3. ^ "What is CLIL?"Onestopenglish. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
  4. ^ Commission Of The European Communities Promoting Language Learning and Linguistic Diversity: An Action Plan 2004 – 2006
  5. ^ Journal of the European Union Council Resolution of 21 November 2008 on a European strategy for multilingualism
  6. ^ An educational project called ECLIL Archived 17 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine was also supported from the European Union within the Lifelong Learning Programme EACEA Agency, to develop interactive resources for European schools.
  7. ^ Coyle, D., Hood, P. & Marsh, D. (2010). CLIL. Cambridge: C.U.P.
  8. ^ Lorenzo, F., Trujillo, F. & Vez, M. (2011). Educación bilingüe. Integración de contenidos y segundas lenguas. Madrid: Síntesis.
  9. Jump up to:a b Cenoz, Gennessee & Gorter (2014). "Critical analysis of CLIL: Taking stock and looking forward". Applied Linguistics35 (3): 243–262.
  10. Jump up to:a b c Dalton-Puffer, Llinares, Lorenzo & Nikula (2014). ""You can stand under my umbrella": Immersion, clil and bilingual education. A response to Cenoz, Genesee & Gorter (2013)". Applied Linguistics35 (2): 213–218.

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