Welcome to the anatomy of animal and plant cel¡¡
Today the class is diferent, so you are asked to complete some activities and read some important information. When you finish this class you will be able to:
- Identify the parts of a plant and animal cell.
- Explain cell organelle functions.
- Differentiate between plant and animal cells.
Definitely: Recognize the organelles of both plant and animal cells relating their structure to the function they develop.
But to achieve all these goals correctly you must follow the following steps:
STEP 1: WATCH THE VIDEO¡
STEP 2: Read and understand the follow information.
STEP 3: Go to the activity 1¡
STEP 4: Now¡ go to the activity 2¡
STEP 5: Finally do the activity "Analogy".
For more information: You can visit wikipedia and additional material.
ANIMAL CELL
All animal cells are multicellular. They are eukaryotic cells. Animal cells are surrounded by plasma membrane and it contains the nucleus and organelles that are membrane bound.
Animal cells are of various sizes and have irregular shapes. Most of the cells size range between 1 and 100 micrometers and are visible only with help of microscope. Trillions of cells are found in the human body. There are many different types of cells, approximately 210 distinct cell types in adult human body.
Parts of the animal cell are follows:
Cell membrane: forms the outer covering of the cell, and is semi-permeable.
Cytoplasm: is a gel-like matrix where all the other cell organelles are suspended inside the cell.
Nucleus: contains the hereditary material DNA and directs the activities of the cell.
Centrioles: organize the microtubules assembly during cell division.
Endoplasmic Reticulum: are a network of membranes composed of rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
Golgi complex: is responsible for storing, packaging of cellular products.
Lysosomes: are enzyme sacs, that digest cellular wastes.
Microtubules: are hollow rods, function primarily as support and shape to the cell.
Mitochondria: is the site for cellular respiration and producers of energy.
Ribosomes: are made of RNA and proteins, and are sites for protein synthesis.
Nucleolus: is the structure within the nucleus and helps in synthesis of ribosomes.
Nucleopore: is the tiny hole in the nuclear membrane, allows the movement of nucleic acids and proteins in/out of the cell.
PLANT CELL
Plants cell are eukaryote cells that differ in several key aspects from the cells of other eukaryotic organisms.
Parts of the plant cell are follows:
Cell membrane: a thin, semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosing its contents.
Cytoplasm: is a gel-like matrix where all the other cell organelles are suspended inside the cell.
Cell wall: outer covering of the cell that protects the plant cell and gives it shape.
Chloroplast: the sites of photosynthesis in a plant cell. They contain chlorophyll, a green pigment that absorbs energy from sunlight.
Cytoskeleton: a network of fibers throughout the cytoplasm that helps the cell maintain its shape and gives support to the cell.
Endoplasmis Reticulum: extensive network of membranes composed of both regions with ribosomes (rough ER) and regions without ribosomes (smooth ER). The ER synthesizes proteins and lipids.
Golgi complex: responsible for manufacturing, storing and shipping certain cellular products including proteins.
Microtubules: hollow rods that function primarily to help support and shape the cell. They are important for chromosome movement in mitosis and meiosis, as well as cytosol movement within a cell.
Mitochondria: these organelles generates energy for the cell by converting glucose (produced by photosynthesis) and oxygen to ATP. This process is known as respiration.
Nucleus: membrane bound structure that contains the cell's hereditary information (DNA).
Peroxisomes: tiny structures bound by a single membrane that contain enzymes that produce hydrogen peroxide as a by-product. These structures are involved in plant processes such as photorespiration.
Plasmodesmata: pores or channels between plant cell walls that allow molecules and communication signals to pass between individual plant cells.
Ribosomes: consisting of RNA and proteins, ribosomes are responsible for protein assembly. They can be found either attached to the rough ER or free in the cytoplasm.
Vacuole: structure in a plant cell that provides support and participates in a variety of cellular functions including storage, detoxification, protection, and growth. When a plant cell matures, it typically contains one large liquid-filled vacuole.
