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Introducción a Html
Web pages are written using HTML language. HTML is a tag language (lenguaje de etiquetas). HTML consist of a number of pairs of tags (etiquetas) which set format of the web page contents:
Usually the tags come in pairs, that is a start tag: < a tag name > followed by an end tag: s < /a tag name >
<nombre_etiqueta> ... </nombre_etiqueta>
The tag name sets a format feature for the text enclosed (encerrado por) by the start and end tag
For example Hola esto es una <strong>prueba</strong> de la letra negrita
In the example, the tag strong, sets the text enclosed between <strong> and </strong> , (“prueba” ) to bold font (negrita)
A Html page has two main sections: the Header and the body.
The header never includes users contents, as text or images, but information and settings for the page itself . Nothing contained in the header will be visible to the user
All the page contents (text, images links etc) must be written in the Body section

Parts of a HTML document
The image below shows the HTML code for a very simple web page:

ACTIVITY 1.1
Start Gedit, the default Lliurex text editor(Menú Aplicaciones->Accesorios Gedit)
Write the HTML code shown in the image above
Save the file as activity1.html
Open activity1.html with your web broser (Firefox of Chrome). It must look like the image below:

In the browser, deploy the contextual menu and select Ver Código fuente. This will show the page HTML code.
Coming back to our first HTML, notice that there are three pairs of tags(<html>, <head>, <body>):
<html>: marks the beginning of a web page. </html> marks the end of a web page. No contents (texts, images, tables, links etc) will be allowed before <html> or after </html>.
<head>, </head>: defines the beginning and end of the document header. The header contains data about the page, as its tittle, the language, or the character set use in it
The page contents (texts, images, tables etc) are not allowed inside the heather
In the header there must be a <title>…un titulo de pagina.</title> pair of tags, and the browser will show this title in the page tab (look at the image bellow)

<body>, </body>: defines the start and the end of the body where the user must write the contents (text paragrafs, images, tables) .

HTML defines 91 different tags shown bellow:
a, abbr, acronym, address, applet, area, b, base, basefont, bdo, big, blockquote, body, br, button, caption, center, cite, code, col, colgroup, dd, del, dfn, dir, div, dl, dt, em, fieldset, font, form, frame, frameset, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, head, hr, html, i, iframe, img, input, ins, isindex, kbd, label, legend, li, link, map, menu, meta, noframes, noscript, object, ol, optgroup, option, p, param, pre, q, s, samp, script, select, small, span, strike, strong, style, sub, sup, table, tbody, td, textarea, tfoot, th, thead, title, tr, tt, u, ul, var.
Some tags have also ATTRIBUTES: For example : <a href= ….> texto</a>

<a> is a tag used to define a link to another web page. The target web page is indicated using attribute href
ACTIVITY 1.1 (CONTINUES HERE)
Add the following links to the web page we are editing in the activity 1
A link to a web page about music
A link to a web page about a sport
A link to a web page about cinema
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Remember: Most tags need an end tag. If there is a tag like <p>, there must be a </p> ending it.
Tags can be nested ( anidados). A pair of tags can be enclosed by another pair of tags.
<p>Este es un párrafo con <a href=”www.google.com”>un enlace</a></p>
Tags and attributes must be written in lower letters
The attributes value must be written between quotation marks (entre comillas dobles o simples)
<p>Este es un párrafo con <a href="http://www.google.com">un enlace</a></p>
TEXT FORMAT
Most contents in a web page are text. For this reason many tags are used to set up a text format format features.


By default the web browser ignores the the line breaks (saltos de línea) in the text. As shown in the image bellow, the whole text is shown by the browser in a single paragraph, in spite of been written in different lines.

Unless you use the tags <p> </p> to define a paragraph or the tag <br> to define a line break..
The difference between <p> </p> and <br> is:
<p> </p> force a line brek, leaving a double space between paragraphs
<br> Breaks the line without any double space between paragraphs

ACTIVITY 1.2
Open a new document with Gedit
Add the tags needed to make web page: that is (<html>) the header <head>, and the body <body> and their ending tags
Add a title (<Title > ) in the header “Que es lore ipsum”
Copy the following text and paste it in the body:
LOREM IPSUM
QUE ES LOREM IPSUM
Lorem Ipsum es simplemente el texto de relleno de las imprentas y archivos de texto. Lorem Ipsum ha sido el texto de relleno estándar de las industrias desde el año 1500, cuando un impresor (N. del T. persona que se dedica a la imprenta) desconocido usó una galería de textos y los mezcló de tal manera que logró hacer un libro de textos especimen. No sólo sobrevivió 500 años, sino que tambien ingresó como texto de relleno en documentos electrónicos, quedando esencialmente igual al original. Fue popularizado en los 60s con la creación de las hojas "Letraset", las cuales contenian pasajes de Lorem Ipsum,
En esta página web podemos generar de forma automática párrafos aleatorios de texto Lore Ipsum
ALGUNOS EJEMPLOS
Add the <p>… </p> and <br> tags neded so that the text looks as shown in the image
The text 'En esta Página web' is underlined. You must turn it into a link to the site http://es.lipsum.com/ using <a href=…. tags
Visit the web page http://es.lipsum.com/ and use it to generate 5 random paragraphs of Lorem ipsum blind text (texto de relleno). To generte the text, scroll down to the bottom of the page
Open the page using the browser. Notice that there is a problem with the vowels with an accent mark, and the ñ letter. They are shown incorrectly
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The browser by default considers that the text is written in English, and doesn't know how to write accented vowels and Ñ letters. To solve this problem, insert this line in the header ( that is, between <head> and </head>)
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
Your exercise must look like this

HEADERS
In a long text, usually there is a structure of chapters, sections, articles, points, usually with a chapter title, section title, arcticle title etc. <h1>, <h2> ......<h6> define different levels of text format for the tittles. A s shown in the image, the difference between them is the font size
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<body> |
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ACTIVITY 1.2 (continued)
Add header tags to your lore ipsum page in order to emphasize the titles.:
NIVEL 1: LORE IPSUM
NIVEL 2:QUE ES LOREM IPSUM
NIVEL 2 ALGUNOS EJEMPLOS
LISTS
A list is a set of lines with the same left indentation (sangria a la izquierda). There are two types:
numbered lists

bulleted lists

The tags <ul> </ul> define the beginning and end of a bulleted list
The tags <ol> </ol> define the beginning and end of a numbered list .
Every line in the list must be enclosed in a pair of <li> </li> tags
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<ul > |
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<ol > |
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ACTIVITY 1.2 (continuing) .
Add to the lorem page the text shown bellow in violet color. Format it using the needed tags
Add tags to turn the word "aquí" into a link to the web site http://www.blindtextgenerator.com/es
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OTROS TEXTOS DE RELLENO
Puede ver ejemplos de todos estos textos de relleno haciendo clic aqui |
TABLES
A table in HTML is a structure formed by a sequence of rows (filas), every one of them made up of a number of cells.
Use <table> </table> to define the beginning and end of the table
Inside the space enclosed by <table> </table> use <tr> </tr> to define the beginning and end of a row. You can insert as many rows per table as needed.
Inside the space enclosed by <tr> </tr> use <td> </td> to define the beginning and end of a cell. You can insert as many cells per row as needed

By default the table will be shown with no borders. Add the attribute border=x to the tag <table> where X is a number defining the border thickness
<table border=1>
ACTIVITY 1.2. (Continuing)
Add a table with 6 rows and two columns (two cells per row), and a border of 1 point.
Visit the site http://www.blindtextgenerator.com/es to generate paragraphs of 500 letters of blind text (texto de relleno) in order to build the table shown in the image below: Note. Don't copy the text bellow, the paragraphs must be of 500 letters size and must be generated using http://www.blindtextgenerator.com/es
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TIPO RELLENO |
EJEMPLO |
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Li europam lingues |
Li Europan lingues es membres del sam familie. Lor separat existentie es un myth. Por scientie, musica, sport etc, litot |
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Pasajes de Don Quijote |
Todas estas borrascas que nos suceden son señales de que presto ha de serenar el tiempo y han de sucedernos bien las cosas; |
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Kafka |
lo que le hizo sentir una gran melancolía. «Bueno -pensó-; ¿y si siguiese durmiendo un rato y me olvidase de todas estas locuras?» |
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Pangrama |
El cadáver de Wamba, rey godo de España, fue exhumado y trasladado en una caja de zinc que pesó un kilo. |
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# a-z A-Z 123 |
{} abc def ghi jkl mno pqrs tuv wxyz ABC DEF GHI JKL MNO PQRS TUV WXYZ !"§ $%& /() =?* '<> #|; ²³~ @`´ ©«» ¤¼× {} abc def ghi jkl |
To insert an image use the tag <img>, and the following attributes
src= URL or filename of the image. .Compulsory attribute
Align= Image alingment. Possible values left, right, top, middle y bottom.
width= Image width. Optional attribute
height= Image height in points. Optional attribute
border= thickness of the line surrounding the image. By default 0
<img src="/graficos/bebe1.jpg" width=140 height=210 border=0 >
This tag is not a paired tag. Don't put a </img> tag
ACTIVITY 1.2 (FINAL)
Create a folder for this activity
Save there your lorem ipsum file.
Search in google images related to blind text. Search by "texto de relleno" and by "lore IPsum". Select two images for each search, download them to the activity folder. (avoid downloading heavy files, remember, Moodle only allows for 1Mb uploads)
Insert the images in your Lorem Ipsum file, wherever you like the most
Compress the folder. (contextual menu->comprimir)
Upload the compressed file to Moodle
Make an screen capture and upload it to Moodle
AC
TIVITY1.3 HTML
In this activity will work most of the concepts seen so far:
Numbered and bulleted lists
Tables
Images
To carry out this activity you have to log in our Moodle and enter into the link ACTIVIDAD 3 INTRODUCCIÓN A HTML.

Next, click in the button attempt quizz now. There's a single question in the quizz, with instructions to build a HTMl page. The questions provide the needed plain text to make the exercise(don't type it, copy it from the question)
You'll be randomly assigned one in 25 different models made from the 4 main subjects (planets, idioms, music genres and gemstones)
Open Gedit (Aplicaciones | accesorios | editor de textos gedit
Copy to Gedit the plain text provided in the quizz question
Save the page with html, for example: planetas.html, generos.html, gemas.html
Format the text using HTML tags, as shown in the image of the quizz question. In this image there are some tips about the required format written in red ink or enclosed by --

You must create different headers. use <h1> ....</h1>, <h2>...</h2>, <h3>...</h3>
In all the questions there is at least a numbered list
In all the exercises there is at least an image. Search an image on internet similar (but different) to the one shown in the question. Copy its URL and paste it in the href attribute For example: <img src="http:/www.imagenes.com/la_imagen_encontrada.jpg". Note: The instructions in the questions instruct you to use the image in the quizz. Don't pay attention to that and carry on as said above
In all the exercises there is a table
At the end of the exercise you'll have to insert a link to some page in Wikipedia. NOTE: by mistake in some exercises this part has been cut from the image. Anyway you must insert a link to a wikipedia page.
Use the tag <p> to separate the different paragraphs
Check out the result, opening your exercise in a web browser (menú Fichero| abrir)
Next time you enter the quizz, the button name will change to Continue quizz. It's very important the field state appears as in progress
When you finish the exercise, using gedit, select all the text in you Html file, copy it paste it in the answer panel in your quizz question. DON'T CLICK IN THE FINISH ATTEMPT BUTTON UNTIL FINISHING THE EXERCISE. Otherwise Moodle submits the work, and it won't allow you any other modification
Short url: https://clilstore.eu/cs/5524