Today we’re going to look at vertebrate animals.

As you know, we can classify animals in various ways, depending on the characteristics we look at.

Today, we’re going to some animals by the internal structure of their bodies. According to this feature, we can classify them into... Vertebrate Animals, which have an internal skeleton, that means bones....

And Invertebrate Animals... like this worm, which has no backbone... in fact, no bones at all.

All vertebrate animals have an internal skeleton made up of... bones.

Bones are very strong, and give bodies their shape, they hold it up, nice and straight.

The spine – the backbone – is made of a series of articulated pieces of bone, called the vertebrae, which allow the body to move in a certain way, and flexible.

Vertebrate animals’ bodies are divided into the head... the torso... and the limbs ... Yes ...... the head ... the body... and the arms and legs.

Some vertebrates are aquatic... like these fish ... Others are terrestrial... like this bear. And other fly... like this eagle.

Vertebrates can move in many different ways...walking... jumping... crawling... climbing... and when they have running ... but sometimes it’s not enough. There are also many vertebrate animals that move by flying, like birds and bats. For example, these eagles... which unfortunately for the fox, are much faster than him.

Vertebrates are classified into five groups:

Fish... Reptiles... Amphibians ... Birds... and Mammals... like this big howler monkey.

Now let's remember the most important things we’ve learnt about vertebrate animals.

Vertebrate animals can be classified into 5 groups: Fish... reptiles... amphibians,

birds... and mammals. Vertebrates have internal skeleton made of bones...

The body of this kind of animal is divided into head, torso and limbs...

They move in many ways: walking, jumping, crawling, flying, climbing and when they need to, running....

4- Read carefully the following text. Again, clicking on the unknown word you will look it up in an online dictionary.

Vertebrates are animals with a backbone and an internal skeleton to protect the organs and support the body. Mammals, fish, reptiles, birds and amphibians are all vertebrates.

Birds live almost everywhere on Earth. Birds lay eggs. They are oviparous. They are warm-blooded animals. Birds breathe through lungs. Birds have got feathers and a beak. They have got wings to fly.

Mammals have got skin or fur. They are warm-blooded animals. Mammals breathe through lungs. Mammals have babies. They are viviparous. Female mammals produce milk to feed their babies. 

Amphibians live in water and on land. They lay eggs to reproduce. They are oviparous. Amphibians are cold-blooded animals.  They have got skin. Amphibians breathe through gills when they are small and through lungs when they are adults. 

Fish live in water and they breathe through gills. Fish swim using fins. Fish are cold-blooded animals.  Fish have got scales. Fish lay eggs to reproduce. They are oviparous. 

Reptiles have got scaly skin. They breathe through lungs and are cold-blooded animals. They lay eggs. They are oviparous.