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HOW DECISION MAKING WORKS - tools to improve decision-making skills

SKILL: Critical reflection, making decisions and problem-solving 

 

EQF LEVEL (INTERNAL REFERENCE): EQF3

 

keywords 

1 PROCESS

2 STEP 

3 RESULTS 

4 DECISION 

5 SUBJECTIVITY

 

Introduction: 

By the end of this LU, you will be able to be more subjective, by following the guidance of a  number of predetermined actions necessary to reach a solution. 

 

Content 

Decision-making is not something static.  The aim may be different but what should not change is the path that the process takes .


The operation follows a list of actions that follow each other, a series of fixed steps. In this lies the power of Decision-Making: giving new answers by following a pattern that remains always the same. 


So what do we need to do when we need to make a decision? 

Listed below are the steps that the decision-making process involves and that you should put in place whenever you are asked to solve a problem.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Your job doesn't end there, however. The ability to make decisions is closely linked to two other steps that progress naturally. Once you have selected the best option and began  implementing it, the next thing you need to do is evaluate the results - a moment that helps you understand what worked more and what worked less. Finally, don't forget to use this moment for the last thing on your list, which is to take on what you have learned , so that you can use  the knowledge in your next decision.

 

Now that you have learned how the decision-making process works,we can  focus on  the decision-maker. One of the most important things is the context in which the decision must be taken in and the initial emotional state of the person. This first step is responsible for the entire process and influences its success. There are three categories of states in which decisions are developed: 

 

  1. Certainty 
  2. Risk
  3. Uncertainty

The advice is to make decisions when you are in the first state i.e. when you know the situation, have data available to support your choice and have mastered the topic. In the second and third cases, you should avoid taking responsibility for the decision, or at least you should make the limitations known, since you can only imagine the outcomes following your decision. 

When learning to be a good decision maker, you must (re)learn about any risks that may affect your judgment and, to the extent possible, attempt to remove all negative factors. Even a particularly intense emotional situation must be recognized, processed, and possibly overcome before any decision is made. If, therefore, decisions are influenced by context and emotional states, it means that Decision-Making is partly an unconscious process, which is continuously influenced by the environment, cognitive style (way of thinking, remembering and understanding), personality and emotions. 

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TEST (4 ITEMS - ONE FOR THE FINAL TEST AT SKILL LEVEL) 

 

Select the answer that best represents the order of major actions envisioned in the Decision Making process:

 

  1. a) Find the problem - Analyze related data - Identify goals and priorities - Evaluate pros and cons of each goal - Select your priority - Apply your priority.

 

  1. b) Identify the problem - Analyze related data - Decide on goals and priorities -Gather possible alternatives - Decide

 

  1. c) Identify the problem - Develop some solutions - Think about the consequences of your choices - Choose the solution you think is best

 

 

Emotions in decision-making:

 

  1. Are always harmful, making a wise decision requires coolness (FALSE)

 

  1. Have no role because they do not directly intervene in the process (FALSE)

 

  1. Can be useful, especially when they are properly recognized and processed (TRUE)

 

 

You have to choose between three different vacations, similar in type but different in location and price: 

 

- Madagascar at a cost of 2. 000 €

- Maldives all-inclusive at 3. 000 € 

- Maldives full board but excluding drinks at 3. 500 €

 

Evaluate whether there are any contextual elements that may affect your decision and choose the best alternative among those proposed:

 

  1. The choice is free, there are no conditioning elements 

 

  1. I recognize the option "Maldives all-inclusive at 3. 000 €" as bait put out to condition me to choose "Maldives full board but excluding drinks at 2.500 €".

 

  1. I recognize the option "Maldives full board but excluding drinks at3 . 500 €" as bait put out to condition me to choose "Maldives all-inclusive at3 . 000 €".







Language Point



Read the sentences below:

 

 

1)certainty 

2)risk

3)uncertainty

The suffix ity/ty was added to the base word to form the nouns. This is usually added to an adjective.There are many other suffixes that can form nouns and although there are no definite rules, learning them can help you recognise more words.

 

An easy way to create a noun from a verb is to add the suffix -er to the end of the verb.

 

By adding the -er, the meaning is shifted from the action to the person performing the action.

 

Example:’ Making decisions’ becomes ‘Decision-Maker

 

-tion on the other hand refers to an action.

 

Examples:action, operation, solution etc

 

Practice Exercise

 

Read the following sentences. Add the correct suffix(-ty,-ity,-er,-ion) to the correct word to fill in the blanks.

 

                 mental       real          educate          manage           certain

 

  1. At the end of the shift, the employees must report to the _______ to give them a brief.
  2. It is difficult to understand the  ___________ of some politicians.
  3. In order to find a good job, you must first get a good_____________.
  4. She knew with  _________ that he would not agree.
  5. For many people, struggling to survive from day to day is a ____________




Answer Key: 1 - manager;   2- mentality;   3 - education;   4 - certainty;   5 - reality



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